Alternative Financing, Digital Capabilities, and Risk Mitigation in the Internationalization of Indonesian Smes: An Integrative Conceptual Framework for Export Performance Improvement

The internationalization of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is a strategic agenda for strengthening Indonesia's competitiveness, yet MSMEs still contribute a relatively small share to national exports compared with their role in gross domestic product and employment. This article develops an integrative conceptual framework linking alternative finance, digital capability, institutional support, risk mitigation, and international performance among Indonesian MSMEs. The study applies ...