Developing a Toll Master Developer Model for Financially Sustainable Assigned Toll Roads: Integrating Value Capture and Corridor Development in Indonesia Developing a Toll Master Developer Model for Financially Sustainable Assigned Toll Roads: Integrating Value Capture and Corridor Development in Indonesia

Background Assigned toll-road projects in Indonesia face persistent financial sustainability challenges due to declining fiscal capacity, dependence on government support, limited monetization of land-value uplift, and fragmented corridor governance. Existing toll-road business models remain highly dependent on tariff revenue and insufficiently integrate corridor-based value creation mechanisms. Methods This study developed the Toll Master Developer (TMD) concept using a sequential mixed-method ...

Background Assigned toll-road projects in Indonesia face persistent financial sustainability challenges due to declining fiscal capacity, dependence on government support, limited monetization of land-value uplift, and fragmented corridor governance. Existing toll-road business models remain highly dependent on tariff revenue and insufficiently integrate corridor-based value creation mechanisms. Methods This study developed the Toll Master Developer (TMD) concept using a sequential mixed-method ...